Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration
SPARCling Matrix

Injuries and pathological changes in tendons pose a significant challenge for orthopedics, especially considering the increase in these conditions with age, coupled with the poor healing of injured tendons. In addition to inflammatory processes, alterations in tendon structure (extracellular matrix) and tendon cells are crucial for the development and progression of tendon disorders, known as tendinopathies.

Recent studies on various tissues indicate that changes in the extracellular matrix lead to altered metabolism in the embedded cells, resulting in poorer healing and scar formation. Initial findings suggest that similarly deregulated metabolic processes contribute to the impaired healing capacity of tendons. However, the underlying mechanisms are still largely unknown.

One project goal is to investigate these processes using extensive molecular and cell biology methods. To conduct these studies in a standardized manner, we use a genetically modified mouse model lacking the protein SPARC (Secreted Protein Acidic and Rich in Cysteine), crucial for tendons. This model exhibits a significant deterioration in tendon quality, resembling features comparable to human tendinopathy.

The second project goal aims to develop a digital platform for the automated and objective analysis of tissue sections based on three typical structural features of pathologically altered tendons. Collaborating with students from HTBLuVA Salzburg in the field of Biomedicine and Health Technology, we utilize AI-based techniques such as deep learning and segmentation methods to create software tools integrated into a user-friendly app. This interdisciplinary approach allows students to gain firsthand knowledge of both the technical and biological aspects of the emerging field of AI-based digital pathology.

Given preliminary data suggesting the therapeutic effects of SPARC on tendons, the third project objective involves investigating whether tendon healing can be improved through local administration of SPARC in a tendon defect model. The digital platform developed in the second project goal will be utilized for this assessment.

Understanding the molecular and cell biological parameters, along with the objective and accelerated histological evaluation of tendons, enables us to better comprehend the potential causes of tendinopathy. Additionally, the therapeutic application of SPARC brings us a significant step closer to the goal of enhanced tendon healing.